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C++ Operators


In C++, operators are symbols that perform specific actions on variables or values. These operators are crucial for constructing expressions, calculations, and controlling logic flow in your programs. Here's a breakdown of the main categories of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators:

  • Perform basic mathematical operations:
    • +: Addition
    • -: Subtraction
    • *: Multiplication
    • /: Division
    • %: Modulo (remainder after division)
    • ++: Increment (add 1)
    • --: Decrement (subtract 1)

2. Assignment Operators:

  • Assign values to variables:
    • =: Simple assignment
    • +=: Add and assign
    • -=: Subtract and assign
    • *=: Multiply and assign
    • /=: Divide and assign
    • %=: Modulo and assign
    • <<=, >>=, &=, |=, ^=: Bitwise assignments

3. Comparison Operators:

  • Compare values and return boolean results:
    • ==: Equal to
    • !=: Not equal to
    • <: Less than
    • >: Greater than
    • <=: Less than or equal to
    • >=: Greater than or equal to

4. Logical Operators:

  • Combine boolean expressions:
    • &&: Logical AND (both expressions true)
    • ||: Logical OR (at least one expression true)
    • !: Logical NOT (inverts the expression)

5. Bitwise Operators:

  • Operate on individual bits of data:
    • &: Bitwise AND
    • |: Bitwise OR
    • ^: Bitwise XOR
    • ~: Bitwise NOT
    • <<: Left shift
    • >>: Right shift

6. Other Operators:

  • Address-of operator (&): Returns the memory address of a variable
  • Dereference operator (*): Accesses the value stored at a memory address
  • Member access operators (., ->): Access members of structures and classes
  • Conditional (ternary) operator (?:): Short-hand for an if-else statement

7. Operator Precedence and Associativity:

  • Operators have specific precedence levels, determining the order in which they are evaluated in an expression. Parentheses can be used to override the default order.
  • Operators also have associativity (left-to-right or right-to-left), which affects how multiple operators of the same precedence are evaluated.

Remember:

  • Choosing the right operator depends on the data types involved and the desired outcome.
  • Refer to C++ documentation for detailed information on each operator's behavior, precedence, and potential pitfalls.
  • Use parentheses judiciously to clarify expression evaluation order and enhance code readability.

I hope this overview provides a solid understanding of C++ operators. Feel free to ask if you have any questions about specific operators or need further clarification on their usage!

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