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Directory Structure of Linux os

 The Linux directory structure, also known as the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), is a standardized layout for organizing files and directories on Linux systems. It ensures consistency and makes it easier for users and administrators to find what they're looking for, regardless of the specific Linux distribution they're using.

Here's a breakdown of the main directories in the Linux file system:

  • / (root directory): The starting point of the entire file system hierarchy. Everything else resides within this directory, including subdirectories and files.

    Image of Root directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowsuperuser.com

  • /bin: Contains essential command-line executables that are available to all users, such as ls (for listing files), cp (for copying files), and mv (for moving files).

    Image of Bin directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowwww.javatpoint.com

  • /boot: Houses files essential for the boot process, including the kernel image and configuration files.

    Image of Boot directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowsuperuser.com

  • /dev: Contains device files, which represent physical hardware devices like hard drives, USB drives, and network interfaces.

    Image of Dev directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowaskubuntu.com

  • /etc: Stores system-wide configuration files, such as network settings, user accounts, and application configurations. Modifying files in this directory with caution, as it can affect the stability of your system.

    Image of Etc directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowwww.redhat.com

  • /home: Contains the home directories of individual users on the system. Each user has their own home directory, where they can store their personal files and data.

    Image of Home directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowlinuxconfig.org

  • /lib: Holds essential shared libraries that are used by other programs. These libraries provide common functions that multiple programs can access, reducing redundancy and saving disk space.

    Image of Lib directory in LinuxOpens in a new windownetworkengineer.me

  • /sbin: Similar to /bin, but contains essential system administration utilities that are typically only accessible to the root user or users with administrative privileges.

    Image of Sbin directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowtechnologyaccent.com

  • /tmp: Stores temporary files that are created by programs and automatically deleted on system reboot.

    Image of Tmp directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowwww.fosslinux.com

  • /usr: Contains most of the user-related programs and files, including:

    • /usr/bin: Contains a larger set of executable programs for users.
    • /usr/sbin: Similar to /sbin, but contains system administration utilities that are also usable by non-root users with appropriate permissions.
    • /usr/lib: Holds additional shared libraries used by programs in /usr/bin and /usr/sbin.
    • /usr/share: Contains architecture-independent files such as documentation, icons, and localization data.
      Image of Usr directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowwww.linkedin.com

  • /var: Stores variable data files that are expected to change over time, such as logs, caches, and spool directories.

    Image of Var directory in LinuxOpens in a new windowwww.javatpoint.com

These are just some of the main directories in the Linux file system. There are many other directories, each with its own specific purpose. By understanding the basic structure of the Linux directory system, you can more easily navigate your way around the system and find the files you need.

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