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System Analytics and Design: Components of Computerized Information System

 The components of a computerized information system can be broadly categorized into hardware, software, data, and procedures.

Hardware refers to the physical components of the system, such as computers, servers, storage devices, networking equipment, and input/output devices.

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  • Computers: These are the central processing units of the system, responsible for running software applications and processing data.
  • Servers: These are powerful computers that store and manage data and applications, and provide access to them for other devices on the network.
  • Storage devices: These are used to store data, such as hard drives, solid-state drives, and optical discs.
  • Networking equipment: This includes routers, switches, and firewalls, which connect different devices on the network and enable them to communicate with each other.
  • Input/output devices: These allow users to interact with the system, such as keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and scanners.

Software refers to the programs and applications that run on the hardware. It includes the operating system, which manages the hardware and provides a platform for other software to run; system software, which provides essential services such as database management and networking; and application software, which performs specific tasks for users, such as word processing, spreadsheets, and web browsing.

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  • Operating system: This is the core software that manages the hardware and provides a platform for other software to run. Examples of operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
  • System software: This provides essential services such as database management, networking, and security. Examples of system software include database management systems (DBMS), web servers, and firewalls.
  • Application software: This performs specific tasks for users, such as word processing, spreadsheets, web browsing, and email. Examples of application software include Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Outlook.

Data is the information that is processed and stored by the system. It can be structured, such as customer records or financial transactions; or unstructured, such as emails, documents, and images.

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  • Structured data: This is data that is organized into a specific format, such as a database table.
  • Unstructured data: This is data that is not organized into a specific format, such as emails, documents, and images.

Procedures are the instructions that tell users how to use the system and how to perform tasks. They can be documented in user manuals, training materials, or online help systems.

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  • User manuals: These provide detailed instructions on how to use the system.
  • Training materials: These are used to train users on how to use the system.
  • Online help systems: These provide quick access to information on how to use the system.

These components work together to form a complete computerized information system. The hardware provides the physical platform for the system, the software provides the instructions and functionality, the data is the information that is processed by the system, and the procedures tell users how to use the system.

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